Examining the concept of Unity of Existence according to the perspective of Islamic philosophers and Mystics

Authors

  • Redi Irawan Ahl Al-Bayt Internasional University
  • Agiel Laksamana Putra Ahlul Bayt International University
  • Hisam Sidqi Ahlul Bayt International University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61194/ijis.v3i2.754

Keywords:

Wahdat Al-Wujud, Kasrat, Philosopy, Mysticsm

Abstract

This article discusses the concept of Wahdat Al-Wujud (Unity of Existence) from the perspectives of Islamic philosophers, categorized into three major groups: the Peripatetic philosophy, the Illumination philosophy, and the Transcendental philosophy. Additionally, this article will explore the thoughts of Sufis such as Sheikh Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi and Hamzah Fansuri (Indonesian Archipelago), through several of their works like Asrar Arifin, Sharab al-Ashiqin, and Al-Muntahi. To analyze this discussion, authors employs an analytical-descriptive method, ultimately concluding that among philosophers, the concept of existence (Wujud) is not only self-evident but is also deemed impossible to define. The Peripatetic school believes in Asalatul Wujud, while the Illumination philosophy upholds Asalatul Mahiyah. Interestingly, Mulla Sadra builds the foundation of his philosophy on the concept of Asalatul Wujud. Yet, he can explain the theory of Taskik Wujud through the metaphor of light, which has often been discussed in Illumination philosophy. The concept of Unity of Existence in mysticism asserts that there is only one true existence: the existence of the Divine Essence, and all that exists are manifestations. It does not deny multiplicity (Kasrat); however, it is found in the appearances and manifestations, not in existence itself.

Author Biographies

Agiel Laksamana Putra, Ahlul Bayt International University

Hisam Sidqi, Ahlul Bayt International University

References

Arabi, M. I. (2004). Fusus al-Hikam, translated by Muhammad Khajuri (First Edit). Navid Hekmat Publications.

Asfarayni, I. bin Q. A. (2004). Anwar al-Arifan, research by Saeed Nazari Tavakoli. Book Garden.

Ashtiani, S. J. (1994). Explanation of Qaysari’s introduction to Fusūs al-Hikam (Fourth Edi). Islamic Propaganda Office of Qom Seminary.

Bungin, B. (2001). Metodelogi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Raja Grapindo Persada.

Damanhuri. (2021). HAMZAH FANSHURI TENTANG KONSEP WUJUD. JURNAL PEMIKIRAN ISLAM, Vol. 11(No. 1), 66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22373/jpi.v1i1.10356

Drajat, A. (2005). Suhrawardi: a critique of peripatetic philosophy. Lkis Publisher.

Gohari, H. R. M. (2009). Introduction to the Wisdom of Masha and Illumination (Book Garde).

Kakaei, Q. (2006). The Unity of Existence as Narrated by Ibn Arabi and Eckhart (Third Edit). Hermes Publishing House.

Larijani, E. M. (2009). Islamic Mysticism. Islamic Propaganda Organization, International Printing and Publishing Company.

Maulani, Yulianti, S., Wasik, A., & Setiawan, C. (2022). Konsep Wahdat al-Wujud dan Wahdat al-Syuhud menurut Syekh Yusuf Al-Makasari. El-Afkar, 11(2), 229.

Mozaffar, M. R. (2005). Math, Translated by Ali Shirvani (Volume 1). Dar al-Ilm.

Nasr, S. H. (2014). Three Main Schools of Islamic Philosophy, Translated by Ach Maimun Syamsuddin. Ircisod Publisher.

Rahiman, S. (2009). Theoretical mystical foundations (Second Edi). Organization for the Study and Compilation of Humanities Books.

Saepullah, A. (2021). Tasawuf Sebagai Intisari Ajaran Islam dan Relavansinya Terhadap Kehidupan Masyarakat Modern. Turast: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian, 9(1), 118. https://ejournal.uinib.ac.ir/jurnal/index.php/turast/article/view/1828 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15548/turast.v9i2.1828

Shafiian, M. H. (2000). Theory of Unity of Existence and the Transcendental Wisdom: Collection of Papers of the World Conference of the Sage Mulla Sadra (Volume 1). Sadra Islamic Wisdom Foundation.

Shahroudi, H. (2014). Explanation of Al-Ash’arqi’s Wisdom. Tahur Information Center.

Tabatabaei, S. M. H. (2019). The Beginning of Wisdom, translated by Ali Shirvani (21st editi). Dar al-Fikr.

Toni, M. H. F. (2011). Collection of mystical and philosophical treatises. Ayat Ishraq Publications.

Yatsribi, Y. (2012). Agama dan Irfan. Wahdat wujud dalam Ontologi dan Antropologi serta Bahasa Agama. Sadra University Press.

Yazdani, A. (2001). Theory of Unity of Existence in the Philosophy of Mulla Sadra. Collection of Articles of the World Conference of the Sage Mulla Sadra (Volume 1). Sadra Islamic Wisdom Foundation.

Yazdanpanah, Y. (2014). Fundamentals and Principles of Theoretical Mysticism. Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute.

Yazdi, M. T. M. (2015). Philosophy Education (Volume 1). Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute Publications.

Downloads

Published

2025-04-29

Issue

Section

Articles