Article Type

Manuscript Types & Scientific Article Requirements

Article Types

Sinergi International Journal of Management and Business prioritizes original research that demonstrates clear scientific novelty, rigorous analysis, and a substantive contribution to management, business strategy, organizational behavior, human resource management, entrepreneurship, operations management, innovation, corporate governance, business analytics, sustainability, international business, and related fields.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH PRIORITY NOVELTY REQUIRED NON-RESEARCH TYPES LIMITED

The journal gives priority to original research articles. Review articles, case studies, and short communications are accepted selectively when they are strongly aligned with the journal's Focus and Scope and provide clear theoretical, empirical, managerial, strategic, organizational, entrepreneurial, or policy contributions to management and business.

Core Scientific Requirements

Regardless of manuscript type, articles should demonstrate the following core elements:

✓ Clear management or business problem and significance ✓ Adequate state of the art
✓ Explicit research gap / novelty justification ✓ Clearly stated research objective
✓ Appropriate quantitative, qualitative, mixed, experimental, or analytical method ✓ Findings, analysis, and conclusion supported by evidence
Editorial Priority: Manuscripts without a clear state of the art, research gap or justification of novelty, explicit research objective, and appropriate empirical or analytical validation may receive lower editorial priority or be returned before peer review.
1 Original Research Article PRIMARY TYPE

Original Research Articles are the primary and preferred manuscript type. They must report original findings derived from a systematic research process and demonstrate a clear contribution to management theory, business strategy, organizational behavior, human resources, entrepreneurship, operations, innovation, governance, or related business fields.

Required characteristics:

  • Relevant managerial, organizational, strategic, entrepreneurial, economic, technological, or institutional background and clearly defined research problem;
  • Adequate review of current scholarship, business practices, organizational developments, or state of the art;
  • Explicit identification of the research gap;
  • Clear justification of novelty or scientific contribution;
  • Explicit research objective(s), research question(s), or hypotheses where appropriate;
  • Appropriate and sufficiently described quantitative, qualitative, mixed-method, survey, experimental, case-study, longitudinal, comparative, econometric, or other relevant management and business method;
  • Clear description of organizations, employees, managers, entrepreneurs, customers, industries, datasets, sampling, constructs, measures, and analytical procedures where applicable;
  • Clear presentation of findings supported by appropriate statistical, qualitative, behavioral, organizational, financial, operational, or market evidence;
  • Critical analysis and comparison with relevant management theories, business models, strategic frameworks, and previous research; and
  • Conclusion that directly responds to the research objective and explains relevant theoretical, managerial, organizational, entrepreneurial, strategic, or policy implications.
Recommended Structure:
Introduction → Methods → Results → Discussion → Conclusion → Declarations → References
2 Review Article SELECTIVE

Review Articles are considered selectively and must provide a comprehensive, critical, and original synthesis of a clearly defined body of literature in management, business strategy, organizational behavior, human resource management, entrepreneurship, operations, innovation, corporate governance, sustainability, international business, or related fields.

A high-quality review article should:

  • Present a clearly defined review question or analytical objective;
  • Explain the literature-search and selection approach;
  • Use adequate, relevant, and sufficiently current references;
  • Critically compare previous management theories, strategic models, organizational frameworks, business practices, technologies, and empirical findings;
  • Identify inconsistencies, methodological limitations, organizational challenges, emerging business trends, managerial issues, and research gaps;
  • Provide original analysis or synthesis by the authors; and
  • Develop a research agenda, conceptual framework, management model, strategic synthesis, or substantive conclusion.
Not Acceptable: A literature review that only summarizes previous management studies, business theories, organizational practices, strategies, or publications without critical analysis, synthesis, or an original scholarly contribution.
3 Management / Business Case Study LIMITED

Management or Business Case Studies are considered when the case provides significant scientific, organizational, strategic, managerial, entrepreneurial, technological, or policy relevance and offers transferable insights for management theory or business practice.

A Management / Business Case Study must include:

✓ Clear managerial or business research objective ✓ Case-selection and contextual justification
✓ Appropriate organizational, strategic, operational, or analytical approach ✓ Findings and substantive evaluation
✓ Comparison with relevant management literature or benchmarks ✓ Clear theoretical, managerial, strategic, or organizational contribution
Not Acceptable: Purely descriptive company profiles, business stories, management practices, organizational programs, entrepreneurial narratives, or strategy descriptions without a clear research objective, systematic methodology, analytical evaluation, and scholarly contribution.
4 Short Communication LIMITED

A Short Communication presents concise but important original findings, emerging organizational evidence, preliminary management insights, entrepreneurship developments, innovation findings, workforce trends, business-model changes, governance issues, or timely business phenomena relevant to the journal's scope.

Although shorter than a full Original Research Article, a Short Communication must still contain sufficient scientific and analytical substance and demonstrate a clear contribution to management or business knowledge and practice.

Minimum Scientific Elements:
Objective Method Results Managerial Analysis Conclusion

Manuscript Type Priority

Manuscript Type Journal Priority Main Requirement
Original Research Article HIGH Original findings + state of the art + research gap + novelty + management or business analysis
Review Article SELECTIVE Comprehensive review + current references + critical synthesis + original analysis
Management / Business Case Study LIMITED Objective + case justification + management method + evaluation + scholarly contribution
Short Communication LIMITED Concise but complete evidence, managerial analysis, and business relevance

Manuscripts Not Considered

  • Purely descriptive management or business articles without substantive analysis;
  • Opinion articles without a clear scholarly method or evidence base;
  • Literature summaries without critical synthesis;
  • Company or organizational profiles without a clear research question, methodology, and analytical contribution;
  • Human-resource or employee surveys that only report frequencies or percentages without adequate theoretical framing and substantive analysis;
  • Descriptions of recruitment, training, appraisal, motivation, or employee-engagement programs without systematic research and outcome evaluation;
  • Business-strategy studies that only describe strategic plans or SWOT factors without a rigorous analytical framework and scholarly interpretation;
  • Entrepreneurship or SME studies that only describe business characteristics, entrepreneurial activities, or performance without clear analytical contribution;
  • Innovation or digital-transformation studies that only describe technology adoption without evaluation of organizational, strategic, or performance outcomes;
  • Corporate-governance studies without clear governance constructs, analytical methods, evidence, and organizational implications;
  • Sustainability or ESG claims without appropriate indicators, analytical evidence, and connection to organizational or business outcomes;
  • Conference abstracts submitted without substantial development;
  • Articles outside the journal's Focus and Scope;
  • Previously published manuscripts; and
  • Manuscripts simultaneously submitted to another publication.
Editorial Principle

The journal prioritizes original research that advances management theory, organizational understanding, strategic decision-making, entrepreneurship, innovation, and evidence-based business practice. Non-original research formats are considered selectively and must demonstrate clear scientific objectives, methodological rigor, analytical depth, originality, meaningful theoretical or managerial implications, and strong alignment with the journal's Focus and Scope.