Impact of Nutritional Patterns on Metabolic Health and Chronic Disease Risk: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61194/jhlqr.v3i1.507Keywords:
Dietary Intervention, Non-Communicable Diseases, Mediterranean Diet, DASH Diet, Public Health Nutrition, Chronic Disease Prevention, NutrigenomicsAbstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global health burden, with dietary factors playing a significant role in their prevention and management. This study examines the impact of dietary interventions, particularly the Mediterranean diet, DASH diet, and plant-based diets, on reducing NCD risk. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies on the relationship between dietary patterns and NCDs. The findings reveal that adherence to nutrient-rich diets improves metabolic health, reduces inflammation, and lowers the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity. However, challenges such as limited access to healthy foods, socioeconomic barriers, and gaps in healthcare provider knowledge persist. Policy recommendations include increasing subsidies for nutritious foods, regulating unhealthy food advertising, and integrating dietary education into healthcare systems. Multidisciplinary approaches, including digital health interventions and community-based programs, are necessary to enhance adherence to dietary modifications. Future research should explore the long-term effects of dietary interventions, the role of nutrigenomics, and microbiome-diet interactions in disease prevention. Strengthening dietary strategies in public health and clinical practice is crucial to reducing NCD prevalence and improving global health outcomes.
References
Banerjee, T., Carrero, J. J., McCulloch, C. E., Burrows, N. R., Siegel, K. R., Morgenstern, H., Saran, R., & Powe, N. R. (2021). Dietary Factors and Prevention: Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease by Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. American Journal of Nephrology, 52(5), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.1159/000514754
Calcaterra, V., Regalbuto, C., Porri, D., Pelizzo, G., Mazzon, E., Vinci, F., Zuccotti, G. V, Fabiano, V., & Cena, H. (2020). Inflammation in Obesity-Related Complications in Children: The Protective Effect of Diet and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Agent. Biomolecules, 10(9), 1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10091324
Ekwaru, J. P., Öhinmaa, A., Dabravolskaj, J., Maximova, K., & Veugelers, P. J. (2021). Cost-Effectiveness and Return on Investment of School-Based Health Promotion Programmes for Chronic Disease Prevention. European Journal of Public Health, 31(6), 1183–1189. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab130
Fader, A. N., Beavis, A., & Smith, A. J. B. (2016). Lifestyle Changes and the Risk of Developing Endometrial and Ovarian Cancers: Opportunities for Prevention and Management. International Journal of Women S Health, 151. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s88367
Ford, N. D., Patel, S. A., & Narayan, K. M. V. (2017). Obesity in Low- And Middle-Income Countries: Burden, Drivers, and Emerging Challenges. Annual Review of Public Health, 38(1), 145–164. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044604
Kempf, K., Röhling, M., Banzer, W., Braumann, K. M., Halle, M., McCarthy, H. D., Predel, H. G., Schenkenberger, I., Tan, S., Toplak, H., Berg, A., & Martin, S. (2021). High-Protein, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement Decreases Fasting Insulin and Inflammation Markers—A 12-Month Subanalysis of the ACOORH Trial. Nutrients, 13(5), 1433. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051433
Khanal, A., Giri, S., Oyebode, O. J., Omijeh, J. E., & Khanal, A. R. (2024). Policy Measures, Practices and Challenges of Waste-to-Energy: Perspectives From Nigeria and Nepal. Journal of Environmental Informatics Letters. https://doi.org/10.3808/jeil.202400124
Marušić, M., Paić, M., Knobloch, M., & Pršo, A.-M. L. (2021). NAFLD, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2021, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6613827
Moran, L., Tassone, E. C., Boyle, J., Brennan, L., Harrison, C. L., Hirschberg, A. L., Lim, S., Marsh, K., Misso, M., Redman, L. M., Thondan, M., Wijeyaratne, C., Garad, R., Stepto, N. K., & Teede, H. (2020). Evidence Summaries and Recommendations From the International Evidence‐based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Lifestyle Management. Obesity Reviews, 21(10). https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13046
Murphy, K. M., Mash, R., & Malan, Z. (2016). The Case for Behavioural Change Counselling for the Prevention of NCDs and Improvement of Self-Management of Chronic Conditions. South African Family Practice, 58(6), 249–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2016.1187885
Noce, A., Romani, A., & Bernini, R. (2021). Dietary Intake and Chronic Disease Prevention. Nutrients, 13(4), 1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041358
Pasanisi, P., Gargano, G., Mauro, M. G. D., Cortellini, M., Casagrande, A., Villarini, A., Bruno, E., Roveda, E., Saibene, G., Venturelli, E., & Berrino, F. (2018). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mediterranean Diet and Metformin to Prevent Age-Related Diseases in People With Metabolic Syndrome. Tumori Journal, 104(2), 137–142. https://doi.org/10.5301/tj.5000599
Paulo, L. S., Lenters, V. C., Chillo, P., Wanjohi, M., Piedade, G. J., Mende, D. R., Harris, V., Kamuhabwa, A., Kwesigabo, G., Asselbergs, F. W., & Klipstein-Grobusch, K. (2025). Dietary patterns in Tanzania’s transitioning rural and urban areas. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 44(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00774-w
Qi, X., Wang, X., Cheng, L., Li, Y., Dang, K., Yang, S., Wang, Y., Zhou, R., Zhang, C., & Li, Y. (2025). Dietary carotenoid intakes and biological aging among US adults, NHANES 1999–2018. Nutrition Journal, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-025-01079-8
Ramírez-Mejía, M. M., Díaz-Orozco, L. E., Barranco-Fragoso, B., & Méndez‐Sánchez, N. (2021). A Review of the Increasing Prevalence of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Children and Adolescents Worldwide and in Mexico and the Implications for Public Health. Medical Science Monitor, 27. https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.934134
Sala, L. L., & Pontiroli, A. E. (2020). Prevention of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Obesity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(21), 8178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218178
Tosti, V., Bertozzi, B., & Fontana, L. (2017). Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms. The Journals of Gerontology Series A, 73(3), 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx227
Wang, T., Holscher, H. D., Maslov, S., Hu, F. B., Weiss, S. T., & Liu, Y.-Y. (2025). Predicting metabolite response to dietary intervention using deep learning. Nature Communications, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56165-6
Wu, J. (2025). Association between dietary niacin intake and kidney stones in American adults. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87227-w
Wu, Z., Gong, C., & Wang, B. (2025). The relationship between dietary index for gut microbiota and diabetes. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90854-y
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa Awalia Handayani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
