Legal Certainty in Resolving Medical Malpractice Issue in Indonesia: A Review of the 2023 Health Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61194/law.v4i1.810Keywords:
Medical Malpratice, Disputes, Patients and Medical Personnel/Health Workers, Legal CertaintyAbstract
Medical malpractice disputes can occur in health services, treatments, actions, and care when patients feel disadvantaged or do not get the results they expected. It often arises when there are patients who are sick or unhealthy, then receive medical/medical actions that cause their illness to not heal or even become sicker or can also cause disability to the patient and even death or death. Medical malpractice disputes are disputes about bad practices, namely doing what should not be done or not doing what should be done. This incident often occurs in health services, both in hospitals, health centers, clinics, and even in independent practice places that end up in court. The purpose of the study is to understand and analyze the implementation of health law in Indonesia in resolving medical malpractice disputes with a legal certainty approach based on Law Number 17 of 2023 in conjunction with Government Regulation Number 20 of 2024, to understand, analyze, and seek proposals on what government policy should be in regulating the settlement of medical malpractice. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a normative legal approach through library and field research with data collection techniques through literature studies. Results of the study show that the policies contained in Law Number 17 Year 2023 still lack clarity because the law has yet to establish a precise and authoritative definition of medical malpractice which results in there being no legal certainty.
References
Beni Satria, & Redyanto Sidi Jambak. (2022). Hukum Pidana Medik dan Malpraktik (Aspek Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Dokter Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan). Medan: Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna.
Djulaeka, & Devi Rahayu. (2019). Buku Ajar Metode Penelitian Hukum. Surabaya: Scopindo Media Pustaka.
Fayuthika Alifia Kirana Sumeru. (2022). Inspanning Verbenttenis dalam Tindakan Medis yang dikatagorikan sebagai Tindakan malpraktik. Adigama, 490-512.
Hartiwiningsih, Lego Karjoko, & Soehartono. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Tangerang Selatan: Universitas Terbuka.
Hetty Ismaniar. (Yogyakarta). Keselamatan Pasien di Rumah Sakit. 2019: Deepublish.
Muhammad Said Is. (2015). Etika dan Hukum Kesehatan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Prenadamedia.
R. Soesilo. (1995). Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) Serta Komentar-Komentarnya lengkap Pasal Demi Pasal. Bogor: Politea.
Ramlan Tengku Erwinsyahbana, & Surya Perdana. (2023). Metode Penelitian Hukum Dalam Pembuatan karya Ilmiah. Medan: UMSU Pres.
Soejono Soekanto, & Sri Mamudji. (2022). Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Depok: Rajawali Pres.
Sutan Remy Sjahdeini. (2020). Hukum Kesehatan Tentang Hukum Malpraktik Tenaga Medis. Bogor: IPB Pres.
Tinuk Dwi Cahyani. (2022). Metode Penyelesaian Sengketa: Mediasi Terhadap Permasalahan Hukum. Malang: UMM Press.
Afiful Jauhani, M., Wahyu Pratiwi, Y., & supianto, supianto. (2022). Perlindungan Hukum Tenaga Medis dan Pasien Pada Tindakan Gawat Darurat. JURNAL RECHTENS, 11(2), 257–278. https://doi.org/10.56013/rechtens.v11i2.1790 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56013/rechtens.v11i2.1790
Baby Ivonne Susan Kainde, Saimima, I. D. S., & Yurnal. (2021). Rekonstruksi Pasal 66 Ayat (3) Undang-Undang No. 29 Tahun 2004 Tentang Undang-Undang Praktik Kedokteran Terkait Tata Cara Pengaduan Tindakan Malapraktik Dokter di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Sasana, 7(2), 309–320. https://doi.org/10.31599/sasana.v7i2.807
Darwis, M., & Amir, R. (2022). Transaksi Trapeutik Sebagai Pertanggungjawaban Dokter Terhadap Pasien. Jurnal Litigasi Amsir, 10(1), 61–71. https://journalstih.amsir.ac.id/index.php/julia/article/view/155
Dewi Anggraeni, R., & Yunus, N. (2021). The Legal Policy of Doctors’ Responsibilities in Hospitals in the Indonesian Legal System. THE American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, 4(6), 1–8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355977718
Dimas Cahyo Widhiantoro, Michael Barama, & Elko L. Mamesah. (2021). ASPEK HUKUM MALPRAKTIK KEDOKTERAN DALAM PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN DI INDONESIA. Lex Privatum, 9(9), 103–112.
Kamagi, G. A. (2018). PERBUATAN MELAWAN HUKUM (ONRECHTMATIGE DAAD) MENURUT PASAL 1365 KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM PERDATA DAN PERKEMBANGANNYA. Lex Privatum, 6(5), 57–65.
Henny Saida Flora. (2023). 7 TANGGUNG JAWAB DOKTER DALAM PEMBERIAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN. Fiat Iustitia: Jurnal Hukum, 4(1), 1–12.
I Gusti Ayu Apsari Hadi. (2018). PERBUATAN MELAWAN HUKUM DALAM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN DOKTER TERHADAP TINDAKAN MALPRAKTIK MEDIS. Jurnal Yuridis, 5(1), 98–133. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35586/.v5i1.318 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35586/.v5i1.318
Fitri, S. M. (2020). Eksistensi Penerapan Ultimum Remedium dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum De Jure, 2(1), 16–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33387/dejure.v2i1.2688
Kadir, R. A., Rahman, S., Fadhillah Mappaselleng, N., Kunci, K., Pembunuhan, K. ;, & Dokter, ; (2022). Penerapan Doktrin Kelalaian (Criminal Negligence) Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Yang Melibatkan Dokter. Journal of Lex Generalis (JLS), 3(4), 895–914.
Kolib, A. (2020). Analisis Yuridis Perbandingan Risiko Medis dengan Kelalaian Medis. AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial Islam, 2(2), 238–254. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v2i2.481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v2i2.481
Mustopa, A. S., & Yusuf, H. (2024). TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM DOKTER DALAM KASUS SENGKETA MEDIS PERSPEKTIF HUKUM DAN ETIKA. Jurnal Intelek Insan Cendikia (JIIC), 1(9), 5268–5281.
Njoto, H. (2023). Legal Protection Mechanisms and Consequences for Medical Negligence in Healthcare Services. Rechtsidee, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v12i1.994 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v12i1.994
Nugroho, E. A., & Kusumaningrum, A. E. (2021). Legal Protection for Doctors in Health Service Practices. UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 8(1), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v8i1.3619 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v8i1.3619
Rajumi, A., Liyus, H., & Siregar, E. (2022). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Malapraktik Dokter Dalam Perspektif Hukum Pidana. PAMPAS: Journal Of Criminal Law, 3(3), 2022–2721. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v3i3.23584 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v3i3.23584
Runtunuwu, Y. B., & Barakati, M. (2024). Analisis Yuridis Penerapan Asas Presumption of Innocence dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia. Mahkamah Hukum Journal, 1(2), 78–89. https://naluriedukasi.com/index.php/mahkamahhukumjournal/index
Saputra, N., Haryadi, H., & Munandar, T. I. (2022). Pelaksanaan Asas Praduga Tak Bersalah. PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law, 3(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v3i1.17705
Sulistyani, V., & Syamsu, Z. (2015). PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PERDATA SEORANG DOKTER DALAM KASUS MALPRAKTEK MEDIS. In Pertanggungjawaban Perdata Seorang Dokter Dalam Kasus Malpraktek Medis Lex Jurnalica (Vol. 12).
Tarigan, G., & Novita, T. R. (2025). PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KORBAN ATAS TINDAK PIDANA MALPRAKTEK DOKTER. NERACA KEADILAN, 4(1), 28–33. https://chatgpt.com/?utm_Kemudian
Tsanie, M. L. (2023). Tinjuan Yuridis Risiko Medis Terhadap Persetujuan Dokter Kepada Pasien Atas Tindakan Medis. Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum dan Humaniora, 1(1), 148–165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59246/aladalah.v1i1.161
Widjaja, M., & Triana, Y. (2023). Tanggung Jawab Hukum Dokter Terhadap Tindakan Malpraktik. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(3), 5788–5799. http://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/view/2781
Liputan 6, https://www.liputan6.com/health/read/750132/solidaritas-para-dokter-di-berbagai-daerah-untuk-dokter-ayu, diakses 1 Oktober 2024.
Liputan 6, https://www.liputan6.com/health/read/825769/kisah-dokter-ayu-yang-tak-bisa-tenang-selama-4-tahun, diakses 1 Oktober 2024.
Tempo, https://nasional.tempo.co/read/537947/kasus-dokter-ayu-banyak-dokter-tak-mengerti-mkdki, diakses 1 Oktober 2024.
Republik Indonesia. (2023). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 2023 Nomor 106. https://www/ainamulyana.com/2023/08/undang-undang-uu-nomor-17-tahun-2023.html
Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1438 of 2010 concerning Standards of Medical Services.
Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1438 of 2010 concerning Standards of Medical Services.
Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024 concerning the Implementing Regulation of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health.
Supreme Court Cassation Decision Number 365K/PID/2012, dated September 18, 2012.
Court Decision. District Court of Manado Decision Number 90/PID.B/2011/PN.MDO, dated September 22, 2011.
Supreme Court Judicial Review Decision Number 79 PK/PID/2013, dated February 7, 2013.
Republic of Indonesia, Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. State Gazette Number 105 of 2023, Supplement to State Gazette Number 6887.
Republic of Indonesia, Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2005 concerning National Education Standards. State Gazette Number 41 of 2005, Supplement to State Gazette Number 4496.
Republic of Indonesia, Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice. State Gazette Number 116 of 2004, Supplement to State Gazette Number 4431.
